“India: Relief Features” is the first lesson in the Social Studies textbook of 10th Class for most of the Boards including CBSE. Here are the Important Question answers, Bits and Study Material from the Guide for AP / TS 10th Class Social Studies India: Relief Features Lesson.
India: Relief Features Social Lesson – Study Material
Keywords – Explanations and Meanings
- Perennial: Lasting or continuing throughout the entire year, as a stream.
- Coral reefs: Coral reefs are underwater structures made from calcium and carbonate secreted by corals.
- Coastal plains: A plain adjacent to the coast is called a coastal plain. The East Coastal plain is between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal, the West. The coastal plain is between the Western Ghats and the Arabian sea.
- Peninsula: The peninsula is a piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides, but connected to the mainland. e.g: India
- Laurasia : Laurasia was the northernmost of two continents that formed part of the Pangaea-super continent from approximately 200 million years ago.
- Duns: The valleys lying between the lesser Himalayas and Shivalik ranges are called Duns. Dehradun, Kotli Dun and Patli Dun are some of the prominent Duns.
- Angara land : The landmass to the north of Tethys sea was called Angara land.
- Gondwana land: The landmass to the south of Tethys sea was called Gondwana land.
- Shivalik: The southernmost range of Himalayas.
- Purvanchal: The divisions of the Himalayas in Arunachal Pradesh beyond the Dihang valley.
- Leeward: The other side of the mountain does not receive any rainfall.
The sun rises two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in the
west. But the Clocks show the same time. How does this happen?
1) The local time of places that lie on different meridians is bound to differ.
2) The sun rises two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in the
west due to a longitudinal difference of 30.
3) This causes a time loss of two hours from Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh.
4) To avoid confusion due to time differences and to have a standard time for our entire
country we have adopted the standard time (IST).
5) Time at 822°E is our IST.
6 This is why the clocks show the same time.
2. If the Himalayas would have not been in their present position, how would be the climatic conditions of the Indian sub-continent?
(OR)
What is the geographical impact of the Himalayas in influencing the Indian climate?
1) The Himalayas affect the climate of India by blocking cold air blowing from the North
that comes from Siberia and Central Asia.
2) Without the Himalayas, India would get cold air in the winter months.
3) The Himalayas form a natural barrier that prevents monsoon winds from going further north
4) The Himalayas are the reason for summer rains and monsoon type of climate in the
regions that are beyond the Western Ghats of India.
5) The absence of the Himalayas, might turn India into a tropical desert.
Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the the Himalayan region with that of the peninsular plateau.
The major physiographic divisions of India are :
1) The Great Himalayas
2) The Northern Plains
3) The Great Indian Desert
4) The Peninsular Plateau
5) The Eastern and Western Coastal plains and
6) The Island Group
| Himalayan region | Peninsular region |
|
|
What is the influence of the Himalayas on Indian agriculture?
Influence of the Himalayas on Indian Agriculture :
1) Fertile soil: The sediments carried by the Himalayan rivers are deposited in the
northern plain in the form of fertile soil. It makes the plain one of the most fertile lands
in the world. e.g. : Bhabar, Terai, Bhangar.
2) Source of rivers :
1) The Himalayas act as a huge reservoir of water for the north Indian rivers.
2) All these perennial rivers are lifeline of north India and are suitable for construction of multipurpose projects which strengthens the Indian agriculture.
3) Climate of India: The Himalayas are responsible for the monsoon type of climate and helps Indian agriculture to cultivate a variety of crops.
4) Valleys and fruits: The Himalayas have valleys which are favourable for growing fruits and vegetables.
Indo-Gangetic plains have high density of population. Find the reasons.
1) Indo-Gangetic plains are spread over the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, partly in Haryana, Jharkhand and West Bengal.br
2) These have high density of population.
3) The Himalayan rivers while flowing down deposit gravel and pebble sediments in a narrow belt of 8 to 16 kms named Bhabar.
4) The Terai and the “Doab” features in these plains are very fertile and suitable and used for agricultural operations.
5) Agriculture is our prime occupation and hence density populated.
6) The rivers in this region are useful for irrigation.
7) Number of industries are established due to the availability of natural resources.
8) Hence these plains have a high density of population.
How are the Eastern coastal plains and Western coastal plains similar or different?
| Eastern Coastal Plains | Western Coastal Plains |
| 1) Eastern coastal plains is a belt of plain region lying towards the east between Eastern Ghats and Bay of Bengal. 2) Eastern coastal plains are comparatively wider. 3) Eastern coastal plains are very fertile because rivers like Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery deposit their sediments during delta formation. 4) Eastern plains receive comparatively lesser rainfall. | 1) Western coastal plains is a belt of the plain region lying towards the west between the Western Ghats and The Arabian Sea. 2) This belt of plains is narrow in width. 3) Western coastal plains are less fertile because no major river is engaged in sediment deposition. 4) Western plains receive more rainfall. |
What is the importance of the Himalayas?
(OR)
“The Himalayas are a boon to our country.” Support this statement.
1) The formation of the Himalayas influences the climate in various ways.
2) These act as barriers protecting the great plains of India from the cold winds of central Asia during severe winter.
3) The Himalayas are reason for summer rains and monsoon type climate in regions that are beyond the Western Ghats of India.
4) The Himalayan rivers have a perennial flow since these are fed by the glaciers.
5) These rivers bring a lot of silt, making these plains very fertile.
6) There are famous hill stations like Simla, Mussoorie, Nainital, Raniket, etc. covered by evergreen forests.
7) The valleys are known for the cultivation of fruits.
8) There are passes in the Himalayas which act as great exchange of culture and commerce.
Plateau regions in India do not support agriculture as much as the plain regions – what are the reasons for this?
1) Plateau regions in India do not support agriculture as much as the plain regions.
2) There are many reasons for this.
3) The plateau is not much supported agriculture.
4) Plains are formed with alluvial soils which are very fertile, so support agriculture.
5) The rugged surface of the plateau makes irrigation difficult whereas plains provide many irrigation facilities.
6) Plateau region does not have any perennial rivers, whereas plain regions have perennial rivers.
7) Plateau region is rich in mineral resources whereas the plains are rich in agriculture practice.
In what ways is the Indo-Gangetic plain different from the Peninsular plateau ?
| Indo – Gangetic plain | Peninsular plateau |
| 1) This plain area was formed due to deposition of sediments brought by rivers. 2) It consists of alluvial soil. 3) It has fertile alluvial soils and flat surface. 4) It provides much irrigation facilities… 5) Plain regions have perennial rivers. 6) Plains are rich in agriculture practice. | 1) Plateau region was formed due to volcanic eruption. 2) It is mainly composed of the old crystalline, hard igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks. 3) It has rugged surface. 4) It also provides much irrigation facilities. 5) Plateau region does not have any perennial river. 6) Plateau region is rich in mineral resources. |
Social Study Material: Other Important Links
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